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PART 3.1.3 TERMITE RISK MANAGEMENT


Definitions

3.1  


The following definitions are used in this Part:



Primary building element  means a member of a building designed specifically to take part of the building loads and includes roof, ceiling, floor, stairway or ramp and wall framing members including bracing members designed for the specific purpose of acting as a brace to those members.
Explanatory information:

The loads to which a building may be subjected are dead, live, wind, snow and earthquake loads. Further information on building loads can be found in AS 1170.1 or AS/NZS 1170.1.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In Queensland delete definition of primary building element and replace with the following:

Primary building element means—

(a)  a member of a building designed specially to take part of the building loads and includes roof, ceiling, floor, stairway or ramp and wall framing members including bracing members designed for the specific purpose of acting as a brace to those members; and
(b)  door jambs, window frames and reveals, architraves and skirtings.



3.1.3  

Application of this Part

(a)
The requirements of this Part apply when a primary building element of a Class 1 and 10 building is considered susceptible to termite attack.
(b)
This Part does not apply to Class 1 and 10 buildings as follows (see also Figure 3.1.3.1):
(i)
Buildings in areas where subterranean termites are not known to present a potential risk of attack to the primary building elements of the building.
Explanatory information:

Termites are not considered to be a risk in Tasmania and a lesser risk in parts of Victoria. The appropriate authority may have records of termite activity for each area and may be able to advise you on whether termite risk management is needed.


(ii)
Buildings that have all their primary building elements constructed of one, or a combination of, the following materials:
(A)  Steel, aluminium or other metals.
(B)  Concrete.
(C)  Masonry.
(D)  Fibre-reinforced cement.
(E)  Naturally termite resistant timber in accordance with Appendix C of AS 3660.1.
(F)  Preservative treated timber in accordance with Appendix D of AS 3660.1.
(iii)
Buildings in Tasmania.
Explanatory information:

Where individual primary building elements are susceptible to termite attack and the remainder of the primary building elements are constructed of termite resistant materials, only the susceptible elements need to be provided with a termite barrier.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

3.1.3(b)(ii)(E) is replaced by the following clause in the Northern Territory

(E) Naturally termite resistant timber in accordance with Appendix C of AS 3660.1 in areas where Mastotermes darwiniensis are not prevalent.




Figure 3.1.3.1
FLOW CHART FOR IDENTIFYING IF A TERMITE BARRIER IS REQUIRED

Figure 3.1.3.1 FLOW CHART FOR IDENTIFYING IF A TERMITE BARRIER IS REQUIRED

AppropriatePerformance Requirements:

Where an alternative termite barrier or system is proposed as an Alternative Solution to that described in Part 3.1.3, that proposal must comply with—

(a)  Performance Requirement P2.1: and
(b)  the relevant Performance Requirements determined in accordance with 1.0.10.



A. Acceptable construction manual

3.1.3.0  

Acceptable construction manual


Performance Requirement P2.1 is satisfied for termite risk management if—



(a)
a termite barrier is installed in a Class 1 or 10 building to minimise the risk of termite attack to primary building elements in accordance with AS 3660.1—Termite management—New building work; and
(b)
a durable notice is installed in accordance with 3.1.3.2(b).
STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In the Northern Territory delete 3.1.3.0(b) and insert 3.1.3.0(b) and (c) as follows:

(b)  a durable notice is installed in accordance with 3.1.3.2(b); and
(c)  additional termite risk management measures are used in areas where Mastotermes darwiniensis are prevalent.

STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In Queensland delete 3.1.3.0 and replace with the following:

3.1.3.0 Acceptable construction manual

Performance Requirements P2.1 and P2.1.1 are satisfied for termite risk management if—

(a)  a termite barrier is installed in a Class 1 or 10 building to minimise the risk of termite attack to primary building elements in accordance with AS 3660.1—Termite management—New building work, except that in regard to Clause 8.8.2, and Clause 8.8.3 where access for visual inspection in accordance with 3.7.2 is not possible, a hand sprayed chemical barrier must not be used; and
(b)  where a chemical barrier is used to protect the external perimeter of the building, the barrier must be—
    (i)  installed by excavating trenches, treating the exposed trench and backfilling the trench with treated material; and
    (ii)  protected by a 50 mm thick concrete cover strip not less than 300 mm wide measured from the external wall of the building; and

(c)  durable notices are installed in accordance with 3.1.3.2(b).



B. Acceptable construction practice

3.1.3.1  

Application


Compliance with this Part satisfies Performance Requirement P2.1 for termite risk management.



Explanatory information:

The intent of these requirements is to provide for a termite barrier that will ensure that termites will not enter a building by a concealed route. The installation of termite barriers will not stop termite activity from occurring on the site.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

3.1.3.1 is replaced by the following clause in the Northern Territory.

Compliance with this Part satisfies Performance Requirement P2.1 for termite risk management provided that additional termite risk measures are used in areas where Mastotermes darwiniensis are prevalent.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In Queensland delete 3.1.3.1 and replace with the following:

3.1.3.1 Application

Compliance with this Part satisfies Performance Requirements P2.1 and P2.1.1 for termite risk management.




3.1.3.2  

Installation of termite barriers

(a)
A termite barrier or combination of barriers must be installed in accordance with—
(i)
AS 3660.1; or
(ii)
3.1.3.3 for concrete slabs on ground; or
(iii)
3.1.3.4 for suspended floors.
(For barrier options see Table 3.1.3.1).
(b)
A durable notice must be permanently fixed to the building in a prominent location, such as in a meter box or the like, indicating—
(i)
the method of termite risk management; and
(ii)
the date of installation of the system; and
(iii)
where a chemical barrier is used, its life expectancy as listed on the National Registration Authority label; and
(iv)
the installer’s or manufacturer’s recommendations for the scope and frequency of future inspections for termite activity.
Explanatory information:

Durable notice

A durable notice must be fixed to the building in a prominent location advising the building occupants that the system should be inspected and maintained.

The notice should be clearly written, on a material that will not deteriorate or fade over time and be located in or near the meter box or similar location so that it can be easily seen and read by future owners of the building. Additional information may be included if desired by the person placing the notice.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In Queensland delete 3.1.3.2 and replace with the following:

3.1.3.2 Installation of termite barriers

(a)  A termite barrier or combination of barriers must be installed in accordance with—
(For barrier options, see Table 3.1.3.1)

(b)  At least 2 durable notices must be permanently fixed to the building in prominent locations, such as in a meter box and a kitchen cupboard or the like, indicating—
    (i)  the method of termite risk management; and
    (ii)  the date of installation of the system; and
    (iii)  where a chemical barrier is used, its life expectancy as listed on the National Registration Authority label; and
    (iv)  the installer’s or manufacturer’s recommendations for the scope and frequency of future inspections for termite activity.
Explanatory information:
Durable notices
At least two durable notices must be fixed to the building in prominent locations advising the building occupants that the system should be inspected and maintained. The notices should be clearly written, on a material that will not deteriorate or fade over time and be located in or near the meter box and in a kitchen cupboard or similar location so that it can be easily seen and read by future owners of the building. Additional information may be included if desired by the person placing the notice.




Table 3.1.3.1 ACCEPTABLE TERMITE BARRIERS
TERMITE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (as per AS 3660.1) FOOTING SYSTEM
Concrete slab on ground complying with AS 2870 Concrete slab on ground not complying with AS 2870 Suspended floors
Penetrations and control joints Slab perimeter Beneath slab (includes penetrations and control joints) Slab perimeter
Slab edge exposure Not suitable Suitable Not suitable Suitable Not applicable
Termite shielding Not suitable Not suitable Not suitable Not suitable Suitable
Stainless steel mesh Partial; or Full system Partial; or Full system Full system Full system Suitable
Graded stone Partial; or Full system Partial; or Full system Full system Full system Partial; or Full system
Chemicals Full system beneath slab Perimeter system Full system beneath slab Perimeter system Full system
Explanatory information:

A “partial system” as referred to in Table 3.1.3.1 is one that when used in a combination with other systems, will form a “full system”. This is similar to 3.1.3.2 which refers to a “termite barrier or combination of barriers”.

For example, if a concrete slab is used as a barrier, it in itself will not provide a complete barrier to termites. Then, depending on the construction methods and the site conditions, additional requirements will be necessary for service penetrations. Each of these are “partial” treatment, yet when integrated, will form a “full system”.

In addition to the acceptable termite barriers described in Table 3.1.3.1, other methods or systems can be used if it can be demonstrated that they meet the relevant Performance Requirements of the Housing Provisions. Forms of evidence of suitability are described in Part 1.2—Acceptance of design and construction.


STATE AND TERRITORY VARIATIONS

In Queensland delete Table 3.1.3.1 and replace with the following:



Table 3.1.3.1 ACCEPTABLE TERMITE BARRIERS
TERMITE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (as per AS 3660.1) FOOTING SYSTEM
Concrete slab on ground complying with AS 2870 Concrete slab on ground not complying with AS 2870 Suspended floors
Penetrations and control joints Slab perimeter Beneath slab (includes penetrations and control joints) Slab perimeter
Slab edge exposure Not suitable Suitable Not suitable Suitable Not applicable
Termite shielding Not suitable Not suitable Not suitable Not suitable Suitable
Stainless steel mesh Partial; or Full system Partial; or Full system Full system Full system Suitable
Graded stone Partial; or Full system Partial; or Full system Full system Full system Partial; or Full system
Chemicals Full system beneath slab subject to 3.1.3.0(a) Perimeter system subject to 3.1.3.0(b) Full system beneath slab subject to 3.1.3.0(a) Perimeter system subject to 3.1.3.0(b) Full system subject to 3.1.3.0(a)



3.1.3.3  

Barriers for concrete slab-on-ground

(a)
Where a concrete slab-on-ground is to be used as part of a termite barrier system, the slab must be designed and constructed to comply with AS 2870, and—
(i)
monolithic slabs must have penetrations and the perimeter of the slab treated in accordance with Table 3.1.3.1 (see Figure 3.1.3.2); and
(ii)
non-monolithic slabs must have penetrations, control joints and the perimeter of the slab treated in accordance with Table 3.1.3.1 (see Figure 3.1.3.3).
(b)
Slabs not constructed in accordance with AS 2870 must have the full area beneath the slab and the perimeter treated in accordance with Table 3.1.3.1.
(c)
The edge of a slab-on-ground may be used as a perimeter barrier provided—
(i)
the slab edge is left exposed, not less than 75 mm above finished ground level; and
(ii)
the face of the exposed edge is not rough or honeycombed and does not contain ripples caused by folds in vapour barrier or the like that could conceal termite activity; and
(iii)
the exposed surface is not rendered, tiled, clad or concealed by flashing.


Figure 3.1.3.2
AREAS TO BE TREATED FOR CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND

Figure 3.1.3.2 AREAS TO BE TREATED FOR CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND


Figure 3.1.3.3
AREAS TO BE TREATED FOR CONCRETE SLABS

Figure 3.1.3.3 AREAS TO BE TREATED FOR CONCRETE SLABS


3.1.3.4  

Barriers for suspended floors


The area beneath a suspended floor of a building must be treated—



(a)
by installing a barrier system in accordance with Table 3.1.3.1; and
(b)
by providing sub-floor ventilation in accordance with Part 3.4.1; and
(c)
where a barrier that needs to be inspected is installed, by providing access to the area of the barrier that needs inspection in accordance with AS 3660.1.


3.1.3.5  

Attachments to buildings

(a)
Attachments to buildings such as downpipes and service pipes must have a gap to allow clear and uninterrupted visual inspection across the inspection zone.
(b)
Structures such as steps, verandahs, porches, access ramps, carports, trellises, decks, hot-water systems, airconditioners, or the like which are not provided with one of the barrier systems described in this Part, must be separated from the building by a gap of not less than 25 mm, to allow clear and uninterrupted visual inspection across the inspection zone.
(c)
Where attachments or structures, as outlined in (a) and (b), abut a building and there is no clear gap, a barrier must be provided to the attachment, regardless of the size of of the attachment.
(d)
For the purposes of this clause, an inspection zone is an unobstructed space which termites must cross or pass in order to gain access to a building or structure and, as a consequence, reveal their presence during visual inspection.
Explanatory information - Termites:
1.  Barriers—Part of a system
There are more than 350 species of termites in Australia, about 30 of which achieve economic importance by causing costly damage to building structures. Due to the nature of termites, it is extremely difficult to prevent them gaining access to a building.
In addition to the correct installation of a termite barrier, its effectiveness will rely on regular maintenance and competent inspection.
The requirements in the BCA are minimum requirements and owners of buildings may choose to incorporate additional termite management systems in their buildings.

2.  The slab as a barrier
A concrete slab, designed and constructed in accordance with AS 2870, can form part of an acceptable termite barrier system. Cracking of the slab is common and does not necessarily indicate the failure of the termite barrier. Most cracks, including those that may appear quite wide on the surface do not necessarily extend for the full depth of the slab.

3.  Slab edge exposure
This approach is similar to that applied to termite shields in that termite activity is forced onto the exposed edge of the slab where with regular inspections termite ingress via the perimeter of the building can be detected.
The exposed edge of the slab should be kept clean. Debris such as leaves should be removed to ensure the full 75 mm of the slab is always visible.

4.  Treatment of sub-floor areas
The area beneath a building requires special attention to ensure the effectiveness of the termite barrier. The following points should be observed.
    a.  Sub-floor ventilation—In suspended floor areas it is important that termite activity is not encouraged by inadequate subfloor ventilation. In conjunction with physical or chemical barriers air flow is critical. Air flow will not only restrict the growth of fungus which attacks subfloor members (which makes them more susceptible to termite attack), but also creates a climatic atmosphere less conducive to termite activity.
    b.  Subfloor access—Termite shielding installed below suspended floors relies on access for both inspection and maintenance to be effective. Accordingly, minimum clearance heights will need to be achieved between the building structure (including ducts) and the ground to allow easy access to all areas where termite shields are used.
Perimeter access doors will also be needed where access is required for inspection and maintenance.